Articles
Cosmology in Philosophy: Structure and Limits of Knowledge
Philosophical cosmology asks what counts as the universe, how to understand its beginning, and where scientific explanation ends. Explore how it differs from ph
✦ Stars & GalaxiesStars, Constellations, and Galaxies: A Map of the Sky
Stars, constellations, and galaxies on a sky map are different things. Learn where to find Orion, Sirius, and the Andromeda Galaxy—and what a map shows.
✦ Stars & GalaxiesAbout Stars and Galaxies: Answers About Space
Stars and galaxies: how light helps measure distances, what galaxies are made of, and why telescopes show us the universe as it was in the past.
✦ Stars & GalaxiesTypes of Stars and Galaxies: Classification and Examples
Stars and galaxies are classified by spectrum, temperature, shape, and structure. Explore their classes and examples, from red dwarfs to spiral systems.
✦ Stars & GalaxiesOur Star, the Sun, and the Galaxy: How They’re Connected
The Sun and the Milky Way are connected through the star’s motion and activity. Explore its galactic path and its effects on near-Earth space.
✦ Stars & GalaxiesThe Solar System Among the Stars and Galaxies
The Solar System orbits the center of the Milky Way, within its disk. Explore its place in the galaxy and the interstellar neighborhood beyond.
✦ Stars & GalaxiesGalaxies and Stars: A Journey to the Cosmic Web
Galaxies and stars are bound by gravity: from an individual star’s spectrum, astronomers move on to the structure of galaxies and the cosmic web.
✦ Stars & GalaxiesStars and Galaxies: How They Work and Connect
Stars and galaxies are linked by gravity and stellar evolution. Explore how stars are born, what galaxies are made of, and how astronomers study them.
✦ PlanetsPlanets: Names, Myths, and How Their Worlds Differ
Planet names come from Roman gods, except for Earth. Explore how the eight worlds differ and which gases make up their atmospheres.
✦ PlanetsPlanets in Space: Finding and Analyzing Atmospheres
Planets are found through transits, stellar wobbles, and direct imaging. Spectroscopy helps detect water, sodium, and other molecules in their atmospheres.
✦ PlanetsPlanets in Order: Their Sequence from the Sun
The planets in order from Mercury to Neptune: the eight worlds, their positions from the Sun, and why Pluto is not included in the list.
✦ PlanetsIZH Planeta: A Motorcycle, Not a Celestial Body
IZH Planeta is the name of a Soviet motorcycle, not an astronomical object. Learn how to tell the IZH motorcycle series apart from Solar System planets.